Development of a Realistic Brain Phantom for Medical Education: An Ethical and Technical Alternative to Animal Testing

Key engineering materials 2026 Open access

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Authors: Sandy Speck, C. Verona, Jörg Reiff-Stephan, Andrea Böhme, A. H. Foitzik
DOI: 10.4028/p-s5xllf
Cited by: 0
References: 5

Abstract

The use of animals in medical education continues to be the subject of ethical debate and is increasingly being questioned. This view is reflected, among other details, in the “Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council”, which stipulates the minimisation of animal testing on the basis of the so-called 3R principles (replacement, reduction, refinement) .

Fields of Study & Subjects

Anatomy and Medical Technology Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare Animal testing and alternatives

Publication details

Journal / source
Key engineering materials
Volume
1038
Pages
67–72
Publication date
13 January 2026
Language
EN