Design and Implementation of Energy Management System for Hybrid Solar System

Indonesia has experienced a growth in carbon emissions over the past decade, at an average annual rate of approximately 4.3%. The largest source of carbon emissions is power generation, which accounted for approximately 42.6% of total carbon emissions in 2022. Solar power, recognized as one of the renewable energies, provides an effective means of reducing carbon emissions. But the use of conventional solar panel systems is less stable, so hybrid solar panels connected to the grid and batteries are increasingly popular. However, the power metering of a hybrid solar system is highly dependent on the energy management system used. Thus, this paper discusses the design and implementation of an energy management system (EMS) in hybrid solar panel system applications. The methodology employed in this paper involves hardware system design, Rapid Application Development (RAD) for software development, and the Black Box testing method to assess the functionality of each feature. From the implementation, the total energy used is 55% from the solar panel, and the remaining 45% is from the grid. This demonstrates that the energy flow of a hybrid solar system can be metered in detail from each source and compiled into a single system, thereby addressing the power metering disaggregation in a hybrid solar system.