An overview of traditional surgical techniques for hypospadias and outcomes: a monocentric experience

Background This study examines the incidence patterns of hypospadias in this region and investigates the management strategies employed for its repair. The aim is to gain insight into the factors influencing surgical decision-making, potential complications, and the reasons behind these complications. Materials and methods This research was conducted at our centre from January 2019 to July 2024, involving all male patients of any age who came in with hypospadias. Data was collected from the hospital's database and analysed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Results 214 patients with a mean age of 8.13 (SD = 5.03 years) were included in the study. The most common type of hypospadias found was mid-penile. Chordee was found in 75.5% of the boys, an abnormal opening of the urethra in 9.7%, undescended testes in 2.7%, and an inguinal hernia in 2.2%. Repairs were performed using the TIP (tubularized incised urethral plate) method in 20.9% of the cases, while a notable 75.5% chose to undergo two-stage (Bracka) repairs along with various other techniques. The most common complications identified were oedema and urethrocutaneous fistula. Surgeries performed by specialists had fewer complications compared to those done by residents, with a significant difference (p-value = 0.0087). Single-stage repairs resulted in fewer complications than two-stage repairs, with a p-value of 0.0001. Conclusion Hypospadias repair is a complex procedure that requires considerable practice, patience, and surgical expertise, particularly when utilising magnification techniques. However, single-stage repairs are encouraged due to fewer post-operative complications.