Postural analysis using Spine 3D in patients affected by malocclusion

To this day, the relationship between dental occlusion and body posture remains far from being fully understood or universally accepted. According to some studies, no correlation exists, whereas other investigations have reported associations between kyphotic posture and reduced SNB angle, an increased prevalence of crossbite in subjects with severe scoliosis, alterations in cervical posture in patients affected by malocclusion, and relationships between skeletal class and cervical spine morphology. The aim of this future observational clinical study is to evaluate the possible presence of postural alterations in subjects affected by skeletal and/or dental malocclusions. Subjects affected by skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions, referring to the Orthodontic Unit of the University of Pavia (at Policlinico San Matteo), will be examined. In addition to routine diagnostic examinations required for orthodontic treatment planning, participants will undergo, after obtaining informed consent, a postural evaluation using Spine 3D technology (Sensor Medica S.R.L., Guidonia Montecelio, Rome, Italy). Skeletal classification will be performed through cephalometric analysis, considering ANB, SNA, and SNB values. The presence of temporomandibular disorders will be assessed using the Helkimo Index. Postural assessment using Spine 3D will allow the detection of several postural parameters, including cervical spine, trunk, pelvis, spinal deviations, and scapular and pelvic symmetry. Prior to the initiation of any orthodontic treatment, all enrolled patients will undergo a standard orthodontic evaluation and a postural assessment using Spine 3D technology. Patients diagnosed with skeletal Class I, II, or III malocclusion and willing to undergo postural evaluation will be included in the study. Subjects undergoing orthopedic treatment or with a history of previous orthodontic therapy will be excluded, as well as patients affected by conditions capable of altering postural balance, such as neurological or vestibular disorders, skeletal injuries or deformities, neuromuscular dysfunctions, and visual impairments. Non-compliant patients or those who do not provide written informed consent will also be excluded. The expected results may help clarify the role of malocclusion in global postural balance, providing useful insights for an interdisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach in the orthodontic field.