Vulnerability to anxiety and depression symptoms co-occurring among adult patients at family medicine clinics in Najran University Hospital, Saudi Arabia

Background: Depression and anxiety are pervasive mental health concerns worldwide that pose significant challenges to individuals and societies. Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate the prevalence of co-occurring depression symptoms and anxiety among adult patients receiving care. Setting: Primary clinics within the Family and Community Medicine Department, in Najran University Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2024, recruiting 300 adult patients across seven primary care clinics serving diverse populations. Data were collected using a comprehensive questionnaire that included socio-demographics, medical history, and screening for anxiety and depression symptoms. Multivariate regression analysis was employed. Results: Most participants were aged 21-30 years (33.0%), predominantly female (64.0%), and Saudi (68.7%). Chronic diseases affected 26.4%, and 31.6% had a past medical history. Depression symptoms were reported by 21.7%, while 14% had anxiety, and 10.7% experienced both. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that stress, psychiatric conditions, herbal medication use, and sleep problems were independent risk factors for co-occurring symptoms. Conclusion: Co-occurring anxiety and depression symptoms were prevalent in the study population. Contribution: The findings advocate for comprehensive mental health strategies that priorities the early detection of co-occurring depression and anxiety, by considering factors essential for improving patient outcomes.