Association of Serum Vitamin D Levels with Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Case–control Study

Purpose: To assess serum Vitamin D levels in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) compared to healthy controls. RVO is the second most common retinal vascular disorder after diabetic retinopathy and is associated with significant visual morbidity. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between Vitamin D deficiency and vascular diseases, including RVO. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center from January 2024 to January 2025, involving 60 participants, 30 with RVO (13 with central RVO [CRVO] and 17 with branch RVO [BRVO]) and 30 matched healthy controls. Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic and systemic evaluations. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured using tandem mass spectrometry. A level