Effects of Oral Semaglutide on Glycemic Control, Body Mass Index, and Renal Function in Indian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Case Series

Abstract Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), is used for glycemic control in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and has additional benefits on weight and renal outcomes. Limited data are available on its oral formulation in Indian patients. This retrospective case series was conducted at a tertiary care hospital by reviewing the records of obese or overweight T2DM patients prescribed oral semaglutide. Seven patients with complete pre- and post-treatment data for >12 weeks were included in the study. The mean age was 65.9 years, and the mean treatment duration was 23.6 weeks. Glycated hemoglobin decreased from 8.95% to 7.6%, body mass index declined from 34.7 to 32.5 kg/m 2 , and estimated glomerular filtration rate improved from 82.9 to 92 ml/min/1.73 m 2 . Median albuminuria reduced from 60.4 to 51 mg/g. These findings suggest that oral semaglutide may provide benefits in glycaemic control, weight reduction, and renal function; however, larger controlled studies in Indian T2DM patients are needed to confirm efficacy, safety, and tolerability.