Assessing Parental Understanding and Perspectives on Vitamin A Supplementation for Children: A Quantitative Study using the Health Belief Model

BACKGROUND: Vitamin A deficiency contributes to preventable blindness and child morbidity in developing countries. While Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) is effective, parental perceptions influence adherence. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to identify the predictors of adherence to VAS among parents of children aged 9-59 months using the Health Belief Model (HBM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 256 parents attending an immunization center. Data were collected through a validated questionnaire on knowledge and HBM constructs. Logistic regression identified predictors of VAS adherence. RESULTS: 28.1% perceived child as susceptible, and 52.0% recognized benefits of supplementation. Perceived susceptibility (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 33.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.62-242.71), perceived benefits (AOR = 8.82, 95% CI: 1.78-43.79), fewer perceived barriers (AOR = 96.05, 95% CI: 21.84-422.30), and higher self-efficacy (AOR = 8.47, 95% CI: 2.32-30.89) significantly predicted adherence. Perceived severity was not significant. CONCLUSION: Strengthening awareness, reducing barriers, and enhancing parental confidence can improve VAS uptake.