Comparative evaluation of the resin–dentin interface using different matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors: A confocal laser scanning microscopic study

Abstract Context: The hybrid layer integrity is critical for durable resin–dentin bonding and is compromised by activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Aims: To evaluate and compare hybrid layer thickness and resin tag penetration depth following pretreatment with maritime pine bark extract, green apple extract, and chlorhexidine in simulated erosive dentin using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Settings and Design: In vitro experimental study. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three extracted intact human teeth were used. After exposing the dentin, samples were treated with 10% citric acid to simulate erosive dentin. After acid etching, the samples were divided into three groups ( n = 11): 6.5% maritime pine bark extract, 6.5% green apple extract, and 2% chlorhexidine. A fluorescent dye was incorporated into the adhesive; specimens were restored with composite resin and analyzed under confocal laser scanning microscopy. Statistical Analysis: One-way analysis of variance with post-hoc comparisons was performed. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Hybrid layer thickness ( F = 4.477, P = 0.020, standard deviation [SD] =81.621) and depth of resin tag penetration ( F = 6.027, P = 0.006, SD = 186.558) in Group 3 (chlorhexidine) as MMP inhibitor showed a statistically significant difference between the groups, with the mean scores being highest in Group 3, followed by Group 1 (maritime pine bark extract) and Group 2 (green apple extract). Conclusion: Hybrid layer thickness and resin tag penetration depth following pretreatment with Group 3 were the highest and statistically significantly compared with Group 1 and Group 2