Public health interventions to minimize the burden of blue light-induced ocular problems

Dear Editor, Blue light is part of the visible light spectrum, which is also emitted from artificial sources, such as LED lighting, fluorescent bulbs, and digital screens, including smartphones and computers.[1] Exposure to blue light can result in the disruption of retinal pigment epithelium, oxidative stress, photooxidative damage and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, resulting in multiple ocular problems.[2] Prolonged exposure to digital screens and blue light can result in computer vision syndrome (namely eye fatigue, blurred vision, headaches, irritation, etc.).[3] The results from a cross-sectional study done across two private schools in Gujarat reported that a cumulative exposure of more than 3–3.5 h/day has significantly increased the risk of dry eye disease by causing tear film instability.[3] The findings of a study done in Pakistan concluded that prolonged screen exposure can result in inflammatory conjunctivitis among children because of a reduction in blinking rates.[4] In fact, the results obtained in a cross-sectional observational study revealed that upon total exposure of the LED screen for >6 h/day, there is a reduction in macular pigment optical density among younger women.[4] Blue light can induce photochemical damage to retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors through reactive oxygen species.[2] Blue light scattering in the eye can increase glare and visual discomfort, exacerbating eye strain.[3] Considering the rise in exposure to blue light through digital devices, there is an urgent need to adopt targeted interventions to reduce the magnitude of the problem.[1,4,5] The approach to using blue-light filtering eyewear can reduce phototoxicity and improve comfort in computer users.[5] In addition, activation of night/dark mode or blue light filters on digital devices can remarkably reduce blue light emissions from screens.[1] The strategy to practice the 20-20-20 rule while using digital devices and frequent blinking can aid in maintaining the stability of tear films and reducing dryness in the eyes. In continuation, the regular use of lubricating drops can relieve and prevent dry eye symptoms from prolonged screen usage and help users.[4] Further, the use of warm and diffuse lighting in a screen environment can reduce the extent of contrast and glare, minimizing visual discomfort among users.[1] In addition, matching screen brightness to ambient light can also prevent eyestrain and reduce glare. It is recommended to reduce evening screen exposure, especially before bed, as it not only safeguards eyes but also helps in better sleep onset.[1] Further, periodic eye examinations can aid in the detection of early ocular signs of blue light-related damage or strain, and play a crucial role in minimizing the extent of damage. Educating people about the positioning of screens at arm’s length and slightly below the ocular surface can reduce ocular fatigue. The option to introduce apps to remind people about blinking or breaks can support behavioral adherence and decrease ocular effects. In conclusion, the use of digital devices is on an alarming rise across all demographics, making them vulnerable to blue light-induced ocular problems. This calls for the need to adopt targeted preventive measures to minimize the magnitude of the problem. Data availability statement No datasets have been generated. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.