Multifactorial determinants of cardiovascular disease: The role of socio-demographic, lifestyle, and morbidity factors

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) development was influenced by various factors, including socio-demographic aspects (age, gender, socioeconomic status, education), lifestyle behaviors (diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use), health conditions (hypertension, diabetes, obesity), and genetics. The aim was to examine how these factors relate to the likelihood of CVD confirmation through angiography. Understanding one's CVD risk is essential for several reasons. Predicting CVD risk involves using factors such as age, exercise habits, diabetes, tobacco use, and marital status, along with statistical models. To determine how socio-demographic factors, health conditions, and self-control relate to the likelihood of confirming cardiovascular disease through angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study analyzed angiography reports from 274 participants at Krishna Vishwa Vidhypeeth, Karad, Maharashtra, with CVD complaints from January to May 2023. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel, Instat, and SPSS version 28. The Chi-Square test assessed the link between demographic parameters, Lifestyle, and Morbidity Factors with CVD, while backward logistic regression was used to create a predictive model. RESULTS: Angiography revealed several key factors strongly linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD): regular exercise (79.46% of cases), tobacco chewing (69.7%), diabetes (75.45%), and age. The proportion of significant findings increased with age: 20% in the 20-39 age group, 44.7% in the 40-49 group, 65.1% in the 50-59 group, 75.8% in the 60-69 group, 70.3% in the 70-79 group, and 71.4% in the 80-89 group. Backward logistic regression analysis affirmed these factors as the most reliable predictors of CVD, highlighting the importance of lifestyle choices and co-morbidities in the risk of coronary artery disease. CONCLUSION: Recognizing the risk factors for cardiovascular disease enables proactive prevention, timely intervention, and efficient management, which improves individual health and reduces the broader societal effects of CVD. Modifiable risk factors like exercise and tobacco use can be adjusted to significantly lower one's risk of developing the disease.