Physical activity during pregnancy: A descriptive exploration of practices, barriers, and beliefs among pregnant women

BACKGROUND: Physical activity in pregnancy is relevant, but for various reasons it is not performed. Therefore, the aim is to describe beliefs, barriers, and the types of physical activity performed during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a public hospital in Peru, with a nonrandom sample of 334 pregnant women. Validated instruments were used to assess barriers, beliefs, and physical activity practices. RESULTS: Regarding maternal beliefs, the most common were that physical activity improves mood (82.4%) and reduces fatigue and stress (71.3%). Concerning fetal-related beliefs, approximately 20% of participants believed that physical activity poses a risk to the baby. Among intrapersonal barriers, the most frequently reported were lack of energy (70.4%), back and hip pain (60.8%), and cramps (60.2%). Interpersonal barriers included insufficient knowledge of how to engage in physical activity (53.9%) and lack of guidance or counseling (48.2%). The main socioeconomic barriers were the lack of exercise programs (37.1%) and adverse weather conditions (35.6%). The most reported endurance activity was walking (80.8%); for strength, stair climbing (58.1%); for flexibility, stretching exercises (42.2%); and for balance or coordination, dancing (50.6%). CONCLUSION: Relevant barriers and beliefs limiting physical activity during pregnancy were identified. Additionally, certain endurance, muscle and bone strength, flexibility, and balance or coordination activities were more frequently practiced.