Effects of nursing interventions on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing abdominal surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Abdominal surgery patients remain at risk for postoperative complications despite medical advancements. Effective nursing interventions, such as pain management, early mobilization, and structured education, play a crucial role in improving recovery. However, inconsistencies in existing studies necessitate a comprehensive review. This study systematically evaluates the impact of nursing interventions to guide standardized postoperative care and enhance patient outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was conducted across five databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science) for studies published between January 2019 and December 2023. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Meta-analysis was performed to synthesize the findings. RESULTS: A total of 21 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final meta-analysis. Nursing interventions significantly reduced postoperative pain at 8 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, and ≥4 days. Additionally, they effectively shortened the time to first bowel movement and first flatus while also improving postoperative self-care behaviors. Significant reductions in abdominal distension were observed at 1 day, 2 days, and 3 days. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing interventions play a crucial role in improving postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The findings support the implementation of evidence-based nursing strategies to minimize complications and optimize recovery, emphasizing the need for standardized nursing guidelines to improve patient care and healthcare efficiency.