Prevalence, perceptions, and mental health impacts of e-cigarette use in adults in outpatient settings

Introduction: As e-cigarettes become more popular, especially among young adults, worries about their effects on physical and mental health are increasing. This study examines the prevalence, social influences, and health perceptions related to e-cigarette use in Jeddah. Methods: We surveyed 402 adults attending outpatient clinics at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah. Participants provided insights on their smoking habits, beliefs about e-cigarettes, and mental health status through validated questionnaires. Results: Among participants, 7.7% were e-cigarette users, with 56.2%. Social influence is identified as a main reason for usage. Despite the appeal, a large majority (74.4%) recognized the harmful effects of e-cigarettes, associating them with respiratory, cardiac, and cancer risks. Interestingly, while no direct link was found between e-cigarette use and specific health issues, a potential connection to heightened anxiety was observed. The influence of peers played a major role in initiating use. Conclusion: E-cigarette use is on the rise, driven largely by social factors, with many users acknowledging the health risks. This study highlights the necessity for focused public health campaigns to raise awareness, particularly among young adults. Further research is essential to fully understand the mental health implications of e-cigarette use and its long-term effects on well-being.