Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and associated occupational factors among pediatric dentists in India: A cross-sectional study

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a significant occupational hazard among dental professionals. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and occupational characteristics associated with MSDs among pediatric dentists in India. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 390 pediatric dentists across India using a structured online questionnaire. The survey collected the data on demographics, clinical work patterns, ergonomic practices, and lifestyle factors. Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests for the categorical variables and odds ratios (ORs) to measure risk associations, with a significance threshold of P < 0.05. Results: Of the 390 respondents, 84.6% reported experiencing at least one musculoskeletal symptom in the past 12 months. Female dentists had a significantly higher prevalence than males (88.7% vs. 74.8%, P < 0.001). The most reported pain sites were the lower back (75%), neck (68%), and shoulders (60%). Clinical practices associated with higher MSD risk included working more than 5 h daily (OR = 2.67), using a combination of sitting and standing postures (OR = 2.24), and working exclusively while standing (OR = 4.72). Use of a saddle stool with backrest significantly reduced MSD risk (OR = 0.49), whereas prolonged computer use (>3 h/day) significantly increased it ( P < 0.001). Physical activity was associated with a lower, although not statistically significant, prevalence of MSDs (OR = 0.508; P = 0.054). Conclusion: MSDs are highly prevalent among pediatric dentists in India, driven by prolonged working hours, poor ergonomics, and specific occupational demands. Ergonomic training and workplace reforms are urgently needed.