Oncologic emergencies

Oncologic emergencies in pediatric patients are acute, potentially life-threatening complications that can arise from the malignancy itself or its treatment. Structural emergencies such as spinal cord compression and tumor rupture require urgent surgical or interventional management. Metabolic and hematologic emergencies, including tumor lysis syndrome, hypercalcemia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation, demand rapid stabilization. Chemotherapy-related toxicities, particularly from agents such as anthracyclines, methotrexate, asparaginase, and ifosfamide, necessitate vigilant monitoring, early detection, and supportive care to mitigate complications. Multidisciplinary care is essential for optimal outcomes. Awareness and early intervention in pediatric oncologic emergencies are paramount. A structured approach incorporating timely recognition, stabilization, and targeted therapy improves survival and reduces morbidity in this vulnerable population.