Disparities in Healthcare Seeking and Treatment Outcomes among Tuberculosis-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Comorbidity Cases: A Case Series from Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Abstract Tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus (TB-HIV) comorbidity is a significant public health challenge, especially in lower-middle income countries, such as India. There is a scarcity of data on TB-HIV comorbidity in North Indian states, especially in Rajasthan. This case series presents 12 cases of TB-HIV comorbidity in the Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India. The mean age and weight of TB-HIV comorbidity patients were 43 years and 52 kg, respectively. A total of 66.7% of TB-HIV cases were reported from urban areas, particularly under the “Enrolment Facility Tuberculosis Unit (TBU)” and “Current Facility TBU.” A seasonal variation was observed. A total of 50% and 58.4% of TB-HIV comorbidity patients were enrolled and diagnosed, respectively, in the summer season. A total of 58.4% TB-HIV comorbidity patients experienced adverse outcomes such as death, loss to follow-up, and treatment change. The study highlights urban-rural disparities, seasonal variations, and low recovery rate in TB-HIV co-morbidity. Targeted interventions addressing urban-rural healthcare disparities, seasonal variations, and improved treatment strategies for TB-HIV comorbidity patients are needed.