Knowledge and Attitude of Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Primary Care Physicians in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Abstract Background: Sleep disorders are a growing global concern, with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) being one of the most prevalent forms of sleep-related breathing disorders. OSA causes significant burden, yet the majority of OSA cases remain undiagnosed. Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of primary care physicians (PCPs) in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia toward OSA using the validated Obstructive Sleep Apnea Knowledge and Attitude (OSAKA) questionnaire. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional, survey-based quantitative design to assess the knowledge and attitudes of PCPs in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia towards OSA. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and included variables across four domains: knowledge of and attitude toward OSA, demographic characteristics, and professional background information. Results: A total of 279 PCPs responded, with the majority being female (58%) and Saudi nationals (97%). The mean knowledge score was 11.1 ± 2.9, indicating the overall knowledge score of about 65%. General practitioners had significantly lower knowledge than subspecialized consultants and those who attended OSA lectures during the family medicine residency program (for both variables, P < 0.001). The mean attitude score was 3.6 ↱±↱ 0.7, indicating an overall attitude score of about 72%. Years of practice was significantly associated with attitude scores ( P = 0.040). A modest yet significant correlation ( r = 0.188, P < 0.001) was found between knowledge and attitude. Conclusion: Primary care physicians in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia have moderate level of knowledge and attitude toward obstructive sleep apnea. Knowledge level was significantly associated with qualification and attending OSA lectures during the residency program, while attitude was significantly associated with years of practice.