Assessment of Voice Handicap Using the Voice Handicap Index in Individuals with Dysphonia

Introduction: Dysphonia, a disorder characterized by impaired vocal quality, pitch, loudness, or vocal effort, significantly impacts individuals’ communication abilities and overall quality of life (QoL). Aim: The current study aimed to assess the level of handicap due to dysphonia among patients visiting the laryngology clinic and to evaluate the factors affecting the impact of dysphonia. Methodology: This study examined adult patients with dysphonia at King Abdullah Medical City’s laryngology clinic from January 2021 to June 2024. Using the voice handicap index and structured questionnaires, data were collected on demographics, smoking status, duration of dysphonia, gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms, choking, shortness of breath, dysphagia, and history of laryngeal surgery. Results: The patients ranged in age from 18 to 73 years, with a mean age of 43.5 ± 10.6 years. There were 43 (55.8%) female cases. In terms of education, 28 (36.4%) had not completed high school, and 28 (36.4%) had earned a bachelor’s degree. A total of 33.8% of participants reported that their dysphonia had a minor-to-moderate physical impact on the nature of their voice; 31.2% reported an emotional impact; and 27.3% reported a mild-to-moderate functional impact on their everyday activities. In 71.4% of cases, there was no effect on overall QoL. Conclusions: The study found that dysphonia significantly impacts QoL, particularly among smokers and urban residents, due to difficulties in communication and understanding. No gender-based differences were observed.