Phyllanthus niruri linn and its Impact on Kidney and Liver Health: Antilithogenic, Cholelitholytic, and Hepatoprotective Perspectives

Abstract Phyllanthus niruri Linn, generally acknowledged as Stonebreaker or Chanca Piedra, has long been recognized for its significant role in promoting kidney and liver health. This comprehensive review explores its antilithogenic, cholelitholytic, and hepatoprotective properties, highlighting the plant’s potential in preventing and treating kidney and gallstones as well as supporting liver function. Numerous phytochemical studies have identified active compounds such as lignans, flavonoids, and tannins within P. niruri , which contribute to its therapeutic effects. The plant’s antilithogenic properties are evidenced by its ability to inhibit crystal formation and aggregation, thus preventing kidney stone development. Furthermore, P. niruri exhibits cholelitholytic activity, aiding in the dissolution of existing gallstones and promoting bile flow. Its hepatoprotective potential is credited to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxifying activities, which help shield the liver from toxins, oxidative stress, and various hepatic disorders and prevent damage. Clinical and preclinical studies have corroborated these properties, showcasing reduced stone recurrence rates, improved liver enzyme profiles, and enhanced bile secretion. These findings position P. niruri as a promising natural remedy for holistic kidney and liver health management. Continued study is essential for a complete understanding of the mechanisms and optimizing its use in modern therapeutic practices.