Energy Production from Extracting Lignin and Valorization of Agricultural Biomass Waste: Pretreatment and Characterization

This study investigated a method for sustainable energy production which involved extracting lignin from waste Bm (AS, BTB, NTB and WnS), to use it as an energy source.The main goal was to advance alternative resources for producing transportation fuels and commodity chemicals, paving the way for a carbon-emission-free future.A pretreatment procedure was conducted, using methods such as EDX, SEM, TGA, proximate and ultimate analyses, to examine extracted lignin.Herein, WnS displayed the highest Bm-derived lignin Ct.BTB and NTB exhibited highest Ct from S, while, remarkably, AS showed the lowest one.NTB extraction process investigation revealed that minimum and maximum yields, at 2 and 3 h, produced lignin Ct of 6 and 8%, respectively.Similarly, BTB yielded 12 and 13% lignin, after 1 and 2 h, respectively.The study indicated that WnS possessed the highest lignin Ct.Furthermore, it was seen that varying certain parameters increased lignin yield.