Comparison Between Environmentally Friendly Recirculation Systems with Biofilter, Green Water, Bioflocs, and Partial Water Exchange in the Cultivation of Nile Tilapia

With the intensification of aquaculture, sustainable farming systems are essential for the rational use of water. This study compared four rearing systems for juvenile Oreochromis niloticus: biofilter-based recirculation, green water, biofloc, and a partial water-exchange control, evaluating their effects on water quality and growth performance. Ninety-six juveniles (2.48 g) were stocked in sixteen 100-L aerated aquaria (four replicates per system) and reared for 60 days under controlled temperature. Water-quality variables and growth indices were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (P