Effect of Azolla Plant Against Pseudomonas Fluorescens in Tilapia Nilotica

Azolla pinnata, a fast-growing aquatic fern rich in protein and bioactive compounds, has emerged as a sustainable alternative to conventional feed additives in aquaculture. This study evaluated the immunomodulatory and protective effects of dietary Azolla (20% inclusion) compared to the antibiotic florfenicol in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) experimentally infected with Pseudomonas spp. A total of 150 fish were randomly assigned to five groups: control (basal diet), Azolla-only, florfenicol-only, infected with Pseudomonas spp. and treated with florfenicol, and infected and treated with Azolla. Key parameters assessed included growth performance, biochemical indices (total protein, albumin, globulin), antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase), and immune markers (myeloperoxidase, ACH50, lysozyme activity). Infection significantly impaired protein metabolism, antioxidant defenses, and immune function. Both Azolla and florfenicol improved these parameters, with Azolla showing comparable or superior effects in enhancing antioxidant activity and immune response. Additionally, Azolla cultivation within rearing ponds improved water quality, contributing to better overall fish health and resilience. The findings suggest that Azolla pinnata at 20% dietary inclusion is a cost-effective, eco-friendly strategy for enhancing immunity and mitigating bacterial infections in Nile tilapia, offering a promising alternative to antibiotics in sustainable aquaculture practices.