Design, Assembly and Simulation of an Environmental Prototype Station IoT Based on Arduino Mega 2560 and Multiparameter Sensors

Environmental monitoring is today a key challenge for public health, urban planning, and scientific research. Official monitoring stations, although highly accurate, remain expensive and difficult to deploy in developing countries. This study presents the design, assembly, and laboratory simulation of an environmental prototype station based on the Arduino Mega 2560 board and has a set of multiparameter sensors (temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, fine particles, air pollutants, light intensity, and rainfall). The system integrates wireless communication technologies (LoRa and Wi-Fi via ESP-01), local data storage on a SD card, and real-time display through an OLED screen. The adopted methodology combines a detailed technical description of the components, optimized wiring, and has step-by-step laboratory simulation procedure. The results demonstrate the reliability of the sensors, the stability of communications, and the relevance of the proposed modular architecture. This prototype offer has a low cost and open-source solution suitable for academic contexts and urban resource-limited areas. Future improvements include the integration of solar energy sources, advanced sensor calibration, and connection to IoT platforms such as The Things Network.