Spatial Mapping of Hospitalization Rates for Mental Disorders: Community-Level Analysis

Mental disorders are a leading cause of disability and hospitalization in the United States, with Florida ranking among the highest in mental illness prevalence. Despite this, limited research has examined the geographic distribution of mental health-related hospitalizations across the state. This study assessed county-level hospitalization rates for mental disorders in Florida using 2022 data and identified the contextual factors associated with spatial disparities. A Bayesian spatial modeling approach was employed to account for both spatial dependency and variability in socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental covariates. Results revealed substantial geographic variation in hospitalization rates, with elevated burdens in northern and central Florida counties. Counties with higher poverty and obesity rates experienced significantly higher hospitalization rates, while greater health insurance coverage was associated with lower rates. Additionally, the relationship between obesity and hospitalization varied depending on county-level poverty and racial composition, suggesting complex interactions among contextual determinants. Hotspot counties were based on exceedance probabilities, highlighting areas with disproportionately high hospitalization burdens. These findings underscore the value of spatial modeling in public health planning and the need for geographically targeted interventions. Addressing mental health disparities through improved access to care and resource allocation in high-burden areas may enhance equity and reduce avoidable hospitalizations.