Lived Experiences of Family Caregivers of Schizophrenic Patients Followed at the National University Hospital Center of Psychiatry in Cotonou: An Interpretive Hermeneutic Phenomenological Qualitative Study

Introduction: The deinstitutionalization of care for patients suffering from chronic illnesses such as schizophrenia has led to a paradigm shift from a pathological model of the family to a competency-based model, which has significant consequences for the lives of informal caregivers. Aim: To understand the lived experiences of informal caregivers of schizophrenic patients treated at the National University Hospital Center of Psychiatry in Cotonou (CNHUPC) in Benin. Method: A qualitative, interpretive phenomenological approach was adopted. The integrative framework used consisted of the hermeneutic phenomenology of Van Manen and Adams, and the transactional model of stress and coping by Lazarus and Folkman. Data collected through semi-structured interviews with participants selected using a non-probability, convenience sampling method were analyzed using descriptive statistics and according to the hermeneutic phenomenological analysis approach advocated by Van Manen. Results: Ten caregivers were included in the study, seven of whom were women (mean age: 38.9 ± 11 years). The caregivers experienced intense emotional distress marked by suffering, fear, guilt, and resignation. They also faced social stigma and isolation, which caused invisible wounds. Physically, caring for schizophrenic patients resulted in chronic fatigue, sleep disturbances, pain, and sometimes aggression. Their professional lives were frequently affected, with interruptions or reductions in work activities. To cope with these daily challenges, the caregivers adopted coping strategies centered on spirituality and faith, as well as acceptance and hope. Discussion and Conclusion: Interventions likely to reduce the emotional and psychological burden associated with their role, and strengthening their capacity through specific training on stress management and self-protection strategies, should be promoted.