Rapid Review of Community Pharmacies and Potential for Expanded Access for the Treatment of HIV Infection and/or Tuberculosis in Sub-Saharan Africa

Community pharmacies (private retail drug shops or pharmacies) have emerged as promising platforms for antiretroviral therapy delivery. This rapid review synthesizes findings on using pharmacies to treat HIV infection and/or tuberculosis (TB), and it identifies lessons for expanding TB service delivery. We reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025 with adherence, retention in care, virologic suppression, prescription refill rates, and TB treatment access as outcomes. Of 314 articles screened, only 3 met the eligibility criteria (studies reporting pharmacies treating HIV infection and/or TB). Findings revealed improved CD4 cell counts; improved mean body weight; and higher rates of prescription refill (95-100%), retention (98%), and viral suppression (99%). Pharmacies have proven effective in delivering treatment for people with HIV and/or TB, highlighting their potential role in expanding TB treatment and related services in sub-Saharan Africa. However, pilot studies are needed to assess the effectiveness and implementation outcomes before broader implementation.