Electro-Thermal Co-Optimization of Battery Modules Based on 3D Thermal Model Simulation

As an important energy storage device and the power source for key equipment such as automobiles and drones at present, lithium-ion batteries generate a substantial amount of heat during their operation. Without an effective cooling system, the temperature of the battery module can rise, significantly impacting the battery's service life and safety performance. Therefore, automotive battery modules require an efficient battery thermal management system to regulate heat dissipation and extend battery life. We note that many existing vehicle battery thermal management systems focus solely on the surface temperature of the battery. However, uneven heat distribution within the battery can also lead to issues such as unbalanced aging and thermal runaway safety hazards. Thus, we specifically emphasize the internal temperature distribution of the battery, focusing on internal temperature optimization design and simulation. Taking the battery module equipped with the third-generation NCM 9-series high-nickel CVD silicon-carbon anode semi-solid battery cells as an example, this paper designs an integrated electro-thermal simulation and optimization scheme for the interior of electric vehicles, as well as an external heat exchange device capable of efficiently exchanging heat with the interior. By establishing a 3D thermal model of the battery, conducting a series of simulations, and comparing the results with the corresponding experimental data, this study not only obtains a relatively comprehensive 3D thermal model and thermal simulation process, but also develops an optimized thermal management solution for the battery module.