Evaluation of Muscle Mass and Strength in Children and Adolescents with Disorders of Sex Development

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate muscle mass and strength in children and adolescents with disorders of sex development (DSD) whose sex assignment was determined by a multidisciplinary team, comparing these parameters both among the DSD cases and with healthy controls, and to assess the impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on these outcomes. Methods: 78 DSD cases and 118 healthy controls were included. Gender assignment followed multidisciplinary council decisions; some DSD cases underwent gender-appropriate surgical interventions, and HRT was initiated as puberty approached. Participants were divided into four age groups (