Concentrating Dirac operators and generalized Seiberg-Witten equations

This article studies a class of Dirac operators of the form $D_\varepsilon= D+\varepsilon^{-1}\mathcal A$, where $\mathcal A$ is a zeroth order perturbation vanishing on a subbundle. When $\mathcal A$ satisfies certain additional assumptions, solutions of the Dirac equation have a concentration property in the limit $\varepsilon\to 0$: components of the solution orthogonal to $\ker(\mathcal A)$ decay exponentially away from the locus $\mathcal Z$ where the rank of $\ker(\mathcal A)$ jumps up. These results are extended to a class of non-linear Dirac equations. This framework is then applied to study the compactness properties of moduli spaces of solutions to generalized Seiberg-Witten equations. In particular, it is shown that for sequences of solutions which converge weakly to a $\mathbb Z_2$-harmonic spinor, certain components of the solutions concentrate exponentially around the singular set of the $\mathbb Z_2$-harmonic spinor. Using these results, the weak convergence to $\mathbb Z_2$-harmonic spinors proved in existing convergence theorems ([16, 39, 40, 42, 49]) is improved to $C^\infty_{loc}$.