A facile synthesis of crystalline eggshell nanostructures: Characterization and assessment of their potential for biomedical applications

Nanomaterials are essential in many scientific domains because of their special qualities and adaptability. This study uses a facile sonochemically-magnetically-driven wet milling technique that efficiently and eco-friendly synthesizes eggshell nanoparticles (EgS NPs) from bigger solid materials. Based on the dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis, the EgS nanoparticles had a hydrodynamic diameter of 76.49nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.11, indicating a monodispersed distribution. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the EgS NPs exhibited an interplanar spacing of 23 nm and a grain size of 5.4 nm, with distinctive diffraction peaks corresponding to the hexagonal structure of the samples. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the presence of uniformly distributed, nearly spherical nanocrystals with a size distribution of 14 ± 9 nm. The grain size was found to be 5.4 nm for EgS NPs and 10 nm for the original eggshell material. The functional groups of the EgS NPs were confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was employed to analyze the composition of the produced powders. The antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of these nanoparticles were evaluated using in vitro tests. Preliminary results indicate that EgS NPs exhibit greater therapeutic efficacy compared to the bulk EgS powder. KEY WORDS: Nanoparticles, Eggshell, Characterization, Biomedical potentials Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2026, 40(2), 383-394 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v40i2.9