Gender dynamics and political participation in West African Sub Region

Women’s political participation remains limited across the West African sub-region despite regional and global commitments to gender equality and inclusive governance. This study examined the gender dynamics shaping women’s political participation in selected West African countries. Guided by Feminist Political Theory, the study analyzed how structural and institutional barriers, socio-cultural norms, legal frameworks, civil society interventions, political context, and economic factors influence women’s engagement in political processes. The study employed thematic analysis to analyze the collected qualitative data. Findings revealed that while women demonstrate high participation as voters, their involvement in party activities, electoral contests, and leadership positions remains low. Education emerged as a significant enabler of political participation, while socio-cultural norms, financial constraints, male-dominated party structures, and limited access to resources constituted major barriers. Legal and affirmative action frameworks were found to exist but remain moderately effective due to weak enforcement and limited political will. Civil society and advocacy programs positively influenced women’s participation by building capacity, confidence, and awareness, although their impact varied by education level and context. The study concluded that women’s political participation in West Africa is shaped by the interaction of multiple structural, social, and institutional factors. It recommended integrated strategies that strengthen education, enforce gender-responsive laws, reform political party practices, expand civil society interventions, and address socio-cultural constraints. By combining descriptive and substantive perspectives, the study contributed to a deeper understanding of gender dynamics and offers evidence-based insights for policy and practice aimed at enhancing women’s political participation in the sub-region.