Compositional Analysis of Proximate Nutrients, Vitamins, And Mineral Elements in Syzygium cumini Pulp and Seed

Syzygium cumini fruits were collected at peak ripeness in Kano, Nigeria, and the pulp and seeds were separately analyzed in triplicate using standard analytical procedures to quantify moisture, ash, crude protein, fat, fibre, nitrogen-free extract (NFE), vitamins A, C and E, and essential macro- and micro-elements. The pulp was characterized by high moisture (82.19%), elevated vitamin C (28.6 ± 2.3 mg/100 g), and significantly higher concentrations of most macro- and micro-elements, particularly potassium (266.21 ± 1.70 mg/L) and iron (3.165 ± 0.0029 mg/L). In contrast, the seed showed low moisture (16.34%), higher crude fiber (4.19 ± 0.12%), nitrogen-free extract (74.97 ± 2.24%), and markedly greater vitamin E content (16.4 ± 1.1 mg/100 g). Lead and cadmium levels in both fractions were well below Codex maximum limits. These results confirm that Syzygium. cumini pulp is an excellent source of water-soluble vitamin C and essential minerals, whereas the seed is a rich reservoir of vitamin E, dietary fiber, and carbohydrate reserves, supporting the nutritional value and safety of consuming or valorizing both portions of this fruit.