Aging and vulnerability in conflict zones: Exploring the experiences of older internally displaced persons and returnees during armed conflict

Later adulthood involves changes in physical, psychological, and socio-economic aspects of life. These changes are often worsened by displacement, leading older adults to face heightened impacts during violent conflicts. Their needs are frequently overlooked, which increases their vulnerability and sense of exclusion during displacement. Using intersectionality theory, factors such as age and displacement serve as identity markers that restrict access to support. This exclusion results in a notable lack of knowledge about the experiences of internally displaced older individuals, particularly in Africa. More research is needed to help researchers, practitioners, officials, and policymakers prevent discrimination and social exclusion, and to provide appropriate services for displaced older adults by ensuring proper resource allocation. This study uses a qualitative phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of older displaced people during conflict. Six participants aged 54-72 from Northern Nigeria, an area affected by Boko Haram insurgents, were interviewed. Data analysis revealed three main themes: physical limitations, abandonment, and survival strategies. These findings support existing research and emphasize the need for further studies, informed approaches, including policies that ensure fair resource distribution and support during displacement, especially in affected communities. Implementing such approaches can improve humanitarian efforts and boost the well-being of older adults in these settings.