A mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of diarrhea with treatment intervention

Diarrhea remains a major public health challenge, particularly in developing regions where poor sanitation and limited access to clean water contribute to its rapid spread. This study presents a deterministic compartmental model to better understand the transmission dynamics of the disease. The model categorizes the population into six groups: susceptible, exposed, asymptomatic infected, symptomatic infected, treated, and recovered individuals. Key factors such as human-to-human and waterborne transmission, treatment effectiveness, and recovery rates are incorporated to provide a comprehensive analysis of disease spread and control. A mathematical analysis is conducted to examine both local and global stability, determining the conditions under which the disease can either persist or be eradicated. Sensitivity analysis identifies the most influential factors driving transmission, highlighting the crucial role of reducing contact rate and improving treatment accessibility. Numerical simulations further demonstrate that timely medical intervention and improved sanitation significantly reduce infection rate and disease prevalence.