Gelatin-encapsulated peppermint oil as a sustainable fungicide for controlling phylloplane fungi on Lantana camara

Microorganisms, particularly phylloplane fungi, play a dual role in ecosystems, influencing plant health both positively and negatively. This study investigates the biofungicidal potential of gelatin-encapsulated peppermint oil against phylloplane fungi isolated from Lantana camara. Six fungal species, including Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Rhizopus stolonifer, were identified, with Aspergillus niger being the most prevalent. Peppermint oil, rich in γ-Terpineol (39.83%) and Menthone (27.35%), was encapsulated in gelatin to ensure controlled and sustained release. In vitro assessments demonstrated that gelatin-peppermint oil formulations (1%, 3%, and 5% concentrations) significantly inhibited fungal growth, with higher concentrations showing complete suppression. The gelatin matrix enhanced the stability and efficacy of peppermint oil, providing prolonged antifungal activity. This study highlights the potential of gelatin-encapsulated peppermint oil as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides, offering promising applications in agriculture, food preservation, and healthcare. Future research should focus on optimizing the formulation and conducting field trials to validate its effectiveness in real-world settings.