Military

This chapter presents a broad analysis of the Lao People’s Armed Forces (LPAF), covering its historical evolution, structural development and multiple roles within the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Beginning with an examination of the LPAF’s origins in the anti-colonial struggle, the chapter traces the military’s transformation from a guerrilla force into a key institution in post-1975 Laos. The chapter outlines five core roles of the LPAF, namely its integration into party politics, its dual mission of external defence and regime security, its involvement in socialist state-building, and its participation in national economic development. It shows how the military has been a central force in consolidating political authority, maintaining party rule and influencing the formation of the post-revolutionary state in Laos. The discussion places particular emphasis on the LPAF’s economic activities, especially its control over key industries and resources, which have been crucial to its financial autonomy and influence. Overall, the chapter sheds light on the complex relationship between the military, the ruling Lao People’s Revolutionary Party, and the political and economic dynamics of the state, offering insights into the military’s enduring importance in the country’s governance and development trajectory.