Treatment Modalities

This chapter provides an evidence-informed overview of treatment modalities commonly used by Graduate Sports Rehabilitators (GSRs) to support tissue healing, pain modulation, and functional recovery. It explores the theoretical principles, clinical applications, and safety considerations of modalities such as cryotherapy, thermotherapy, electrotherapy, ultrasound, and taping. Emphasis is placed on critical appraisal of the evidence base, appropriate clinical reasoning, and individualised treatment planning. The integration of modalities within multidisciplinary rehabilitation programmes is also discussed. By bridging foundational science with practical application, this chapter equips GSRs with the knowledge and skills to use treatment modalities safely and effectively in clinical practise.