“Do not our Englyshe Protestantes [do] so lykewyse?”

When Elizabeth I (1558–1603) acceded to the throne, she reaffirmed the break from the Roman Catholic Church through ecclesiastical laws. Yet those laws, later called the Elizabethan Settlement, were only subsequently filled with theological doctrine. It took Elizabethan England over a decade of heated debate to decide how Lutheran, Calvinist or even Catholic the religious doctrines of the Elizabethan Church should be. During the first decade of the reign, Catholic exiles from abroad, returning Protestant exiles inspired by continental Reformed theology, and conformist Protestants with Calvinist or Lutheran sympathies all contributed to extensive religious controversies that were mainly conducted in print and in the vernacular. This chapter illustrates the substantial role played by religious translations of continental authors within those debates. To add an “English” dimension to translated texts, translators often used marginalia, illustrations and textual interventions.