Silviculture technologies in the establishment and re-establishment of forests

The regeneration phase of an even-aged clear-fell silvicultural system is critical for the successful establishment of a forest stand. This stage includes activities such as residue management (post-harvest slash), preparation of a planting position, weeding before planting, tree planting, and fertilisation. The application of technologies needs to be matched to the stand requirements to improve the survival, growth, and uniformity of plants. This chapter focuses on the different regeneration activities as well as the variety of technologies available to achieve the landowners’ objectives. The technologies range from basic manual techniques to highly mechanised and advanced methods. However, some advanced technologies are still at the exploratory phase and constrained by factors, such as lower productivity, higher costs, and poor quality, but may be adopted in the future when the technology improves. This information is important for foresters to be informed about the options available and application techniques in forestry conditions.