What's in a name?

This chapter examines the definitions and distinctions between English for Academic Purposes (EAP), English Medium Instruction (EMI), and related models such as Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), Content-Based Instruction (CBI), Immersion, and Integrating Content and Language in Higher Education (ICLHE). It critiques the terminological ambiguity and conceptual overlaps among these models, advocating for a clearer demarcation based on educational context and pedagogical focus. It also argues that models like CLIL and Immersion, rooted in primary and secondary education, are misaligned with the goals of EAP and EMI, and therefore not applicable to higher education contexts. The chapter challenges the depiction of EMI as a new field distinct from EAP, asserting that both fields share core characteristics and objectives. Furthermore, it critiques misconceptions of EAP in the EMI literature, particularly its reduction to generic language courses, neglecting its main mission of academic literacy development. The chapter concludes by calling for cross-fertilisation between EMI and EAP to achieve systematic, institution-wide academic literacy support.