Case Studies on Measles Outbreaks Since MMR Vaccine in 1971

This chapter introduces readers to three different diseases—measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)—that are linked because of similar symptoms (spots, rashes, swelling), their highly contagious nature, and high mortality rates worldwide. Transmission of all three occurs through coughing and sneezing in close contact with others or by touching surfaces that can harbor the virus. As for communication tools, print and broadcast media were widely used to disseminate information about the MMR vaccine that became available in 1963. All states and the District of Columbia require two dosages of the MMR vaccines for children in childcare facilities and in kindergarten to 12th grade, yet exemptions from the vaccine vary from state to state. Additionally, not all families or guardians have welcomed required vaccinations. The case studies in this chapter provide a wide range of campaigns, from public health departments in cities, regions, states, and countries, to prevent the spread of measles with vaccination campaigns. Case study 5.2 examines an anti-vaccination movement spurred by disputes over side effects of the MMR vaccine; 5.3 covers campaigns for two measles vaccinations—one in a U.S. state, the other a city, while 5.4 examines the largest MR vaccination campaign in Bangladesh.