Environmental Anthropology

The history of ecological and environmental anthropologies need not be explored as usual only through literature reviews framed solely around periods and/or approaches. The Great Turning and associated ideas of Joanna Macy and Chris Johnstone offer an experimental heuristic framework for exploring and reflecting on the history of ecological and environmental anthropologies in new ways. Fresh insights and possibilities emerge. Increasingly, female, Third World, and Indigenous scholars are contributing in recent decades, adding needed diversity, equity, and inclusiveness. Furthermore, there is growing attention to environmental problems, issues, and crises, climate change and justice, human rights, and spiritual ecology. Here, special attention is afforded to cultural ecology as foundational for other approaches.