Life Tasks, Work, Retirement, and Leisure

In the chapter we will consider the life tasks of adulthood and the benchmarks that influence adult development in vocational arenas. Theoretical foundations from Holland's vocational development theory, Super's life-span life-stage theory, and other theories addressing the meaning of work, occupational choice, and patterns of work across adulthood will be covered. Within the chapter we will discuss the intersections of identity and work, the trajectory of occupational engagement and performance over time, and the transition to retirement. In response to recent trends influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, we will explore new meanings of work in peoples' lives, job satisfaction and burnout, research on remote work, and, most importantly, the impact of diversity, equity, and inclusion in work arenas. We will also consider bias, harassment, and job discrimination associated with age and identity status and how we can address these issues globally. Given the issues facing multigenerational households we will discuss issues of caregiving, and the middle generational squeeze. Finally, we will look at leisure and play in adulthood and the transition from paid employment to other engagement activities in later life.