Bengali and Bangladeshi Nationalism

Two apparently contesting notions of identities – Bengali and Bangladeshi nationalism – have engendered extensive debates and influenced the political landscape of Bangladesh for the past decades. This paper examines the genesis of these two nationalisms, discusses the various features of Bengali and Bangladeshi nationalism, and explores the future trajectories. It is argued that both these nationalisms have long historical antecedents. While Bengali nationalism underscores the ethnic and linguistic aspects, Bangladeshi nationalism highlights the religious and territorial aspects of national identity. Both received state support at different times and have served as a mobilizational tool contributing to schism within society and politics.