How direct democracy shapes domestic policies

Chapter 5 investigates how direct democracy affects civic engagement, political knowledge and satisfaction. It reviews extensive empirical research to assess whether granting citizens legislative power makes them better informed, more active or more content with democratic performance. Evidence confirms that direct democracy produces more knowledgeable and competent citizens, who participate more frequently in civic life and report higher satisfaction with democracy. However, it does not necessarily increase interest in politics, trust in representative institutions, or electoral turnout. The chapter highlights the educative function of direct decision-making: Initiatives and referendums foster public deliberation, political learning and collective responsibility. The process of proposing, debating and voting on initiatives enhances citizens’ understanding of policy issues and strengthens community ties. Comparative findings show that while citizens in direct democracies may not engage more in traditional politics, they are more empowered in decision-making and demonstrate stronger civic competence. The chapter also addresses the psychological effects of participation, finding that citizens’ involvement contributes to life satisfaction and perceived well-being. It concludes that direct democracy cultivates active and informed citizens who experience politics as a shared endeavor rather than a distant, elite-driven process.