Cleavages in the European Parliament

The European Parliament (EP) is a complex political arena where various cleavages shape legislative behaviour and policy outcomes. This chapter discusses the multifaceted nature of these cleavages, focusing on ideological and geographical dimensions. By examining the empirical, behavioural, and normative elements of these cleavages, the chapter provides insights into the dynamics of political representation and decision-making within the EP. It also highlights the role of political parties and European party groups in mediating these divisions. The exploration of cleavages is crucial for understanding the challenges and opportunities facing the EP as it navigates an increasingly polarized political landscape.