Unpacking Gender Inequality in Tech Entrepreneurship

Gender equality initiatives (GEIs) remain under-represented in technology businesses, leadership roles, and venture capital (VC) funding. This chapter explores how gendered norms, investor biases, and male-centric organisational cultures perpetuate inequality through the lens of intersectionality, feminist, and social constructionist theories. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) of 48 peer-reviewed studies (2018–2025) guided by the PRISMA framework, it identifies key themes such as inequitable access to finance, limited mentorship and networks, and the disparate effects of GEIs. The analysis shows that symbolic and material exclusions are mutually reinforcing, especially in innovation ecosystems that are male dominated. The chapter concludes that sustainable gender equality in technology entrepreneurship necessitates moving beyond token initiatives towards systemic cultural transformation and equity-oriented innovation policies.