Theoretical framework and historical context of church reuse

This chapter examines the reuse of churches through a broad historical, cultural, and philosophical lens. It opens with an overview of historical examples, tracing transformations from the conversion of pagan temples into early Christian churches to the contemporary adaptation of deconsecrated churches into libraries, museums, and community centers. The discussion then turns to the phenomenon of secularization, outlining its origins, definitions, and diverse interpretations, and considering the place of religion in a secular age. It also examines religion in a secular age, focusing on themes such as memory, space, and value. This chapter also addresses spirituality and values in both European and global contexts, highlighting the varied ways communities engage with religious heritage. Particular emphasis is placed on the ethical responsibilities of architects when intervening in historic sacred sites, with attention to authenticity, symbolism, and the preservation of community identity. The final section introduces a narrative approach to heritage preservation, demonstrating how storytelling, memory, and meaning can sustain the cultural relevance of sacred spaces in changing social landscapes.