Somatic/Cognitive Dysfunction Scales

The Specific Problems (SP) Scales were developed to identify more narrowly focused issues and characteristics assessed by the Higher-Order (H-O) Scales and Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales as well as those that are not directly measured by any of the RC Scales, such as suicidal ideation or shyness. The empirical literature and MMPI-3 Technical Manual ( Ben-Porath & Tellegen, 2020b ) indicate that SP Scale scores are sufficiently reliable and valid to be interpreted as stand-alone independent measures, regardless of elevations on higher-level scales. The relatively short SP Scales range from 5 to 15 items; 19 scales have less than 10 items; and 7 scales are comprised of 10 or more items.